Summer is a peak season for drowning accidents. Among accidental deaths of adolescents, drowning incidents are known as the "top killer." What situations are prone to causing drowning? What places pose a high risk? Below is a drowning prevention guide for parents and children.

(Photo: Nanfang Daily)

What situations are prone to causing drowning?

1. Being unfamiliar with water and lacking a correct estimation of one's physical strength and swimming ability can lead to drowning when entering the water.

2. Even experienced swimmers, without adequate warm-ups, may experience sudden cold-water shock upon entering. In other cases, they may swim for too long, losing too much carbon dioxide, which can cause limb spasms, convulsions, and lead to loss of control and sinking.

3. Lack of safety awareness when swimming in non-public waters can result in entanglement by underwater plants or a loss of control when stuck in mud or sand.

4. Playful or roughhousing behavior in the water, combined with panic in the event of an accident, can result in drowning.

5. Individuals with poor health conditions, such as heart disease, anemia, epilepsy, and other chronic ailments, may experience a recurrence of their conditions due to cold-water stimulation while swimming, potentially leading to drowning.

How to prevent drowning:

1. Refrain from swimming alone without permission.

2. Avoid swimming without proper company.

3. Do not swim without adult supervision.

4. Avoid swimming in water bodies lacking safety facilities and rescue personnel.

5. Refrain from swimming in unfamiliar water bodies.

6. Those unfamiliar with water should not engage in rescue attempts without supervision.

7. Avoid swimming in areas without warning signs.

8. Stay away from swimming in wild water sources lacking safety measures.

9. Refrain from playing in or around water sources on the way to and from school or during holidays.

Self-rescue methods for non-swimmers:

1. Try to stay buoyant on the surface of the water and wait for someone to come to your aid.

2. If there are objects nearby that you can grab, pull or hold onto them quickly to help yourself float to the surface.

3. If there are no objects to grab, use certain techniques to help yourself stay buoyant.

4. When breathing, exhale shallowly and inhale deeply.

5. When someone comes to rescue you, make sure to follow the rescuer's instructions and avoid pulling them forcefully.

Self-rescue methods in emergencies for swimmers:

Cramps:

1. Leg cramps: Swim to the shore as quickly as possible or grab floating objects nearby. If you cannot continue swimming, take a deep breath and dive underwater. Try to straighten your legs and push outward, straightening them as much as possible, exerting force until the cramp gradually eases.

2. Finger cramps: Immediately clench your hands into a fist, repeatedly grip and release, and then forcefully open your fist until the cramp subsides. You can float on your back in the water.

Choking on water:

Try to tread water as much as possible, keeping your head above the water to reduce the risk of choking on water again. Tread water regularly for a while and calm down before taking further action.

Encountering whirlpools:

Try to lie flat on the surface of the water and swim quickly in the direction of the whirlpool using your most familiar swimming stroke.

Entangled by water plants:

1. Do not struggle or kick wildly, as it may tighten the grip of the water plants.

2. If there are people nearby, seek help as soon as possible, grab onto anything you can, and maintain buoyancy.

3. If there is no one nearby, the most effective way is to take a deep breath, dive underwater, and untangle the water plants.

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